Bulgaria Defense Warning: 2% of GDP Not Enough to Fix Army Gaps

The Council of Ministers has adopted the Report on the State of Defense and the Armed Forces of the Republic of Bulgaria for 2025, which was submitted to both the National Assembly and the public, outlining an overall assessment of military readiness and progress achieved over the past year. The document reviews key priorities in defense policy, including improving the execution of armed forces missions, accelerating capability development, addressing existing shortfalls, continuing modernization efforts, filling personnel vacancies, strengthening the voluntary reserve, and implementing NATO Capability Targets.

A central conclusion of the report is that maintaining defense expenditure at the level of 2% of GDP is insufficient to eliminate existing capability gaps. According to the analysis, persistent budget constraints hinder the resolution of personnel shortages and slow down the pace of modernization and rearmament. As a result, certain operational limitations remain, particularly in relation to the “Deterrence and Defense” mission, which is considered a core component of national security obligations.

At the same time, the report notes that gradual increases in defense spending in recent years could lead to improvements in the medium term. This is expected to be achieved through accelerated procurement and integration of modern military equipment, as well as through measures aimed at improving staffing levels and reducing vacant positions within the armed forces. These developments are seen as factors that may gradually enhance overall capability.

In light of the changing strategic environment and rising security risks, the document emphasizes that defense policy must remain a priority supported by sustained political, financial, and societal commitment from the government, parliament, and the public. The report also outlines the main areas of focus for 2026 and the medium-term period, setting out the priorities for the Ministry of defense in addressing ongoing challenges and strengthening national defense capacity.